Skip to Main Content

Citation Styles

IEEE Style Basics

In Text Citations
  • Each source is referenced numerically in the order they appear in the work
  • Use bracketed numbers to identify each reference e.g. [1]
  • The bracketed number links to a number on your references page, so each source gets one number even when citing it multiple times
  • When citing a specific aspect of a source, do so with abbreviations inside the bracket
  • Examples:
    • [3, Algorithm 2]
    • [6, Appendix 3]
    • [5, Fig.9]
References List

General Rules

  • Titles of books, journals, and similar publications are in Title Case.
  • Titles of articles, technical reports, and similar publications are in Sentence case.
    • If you are unsure which case to use, err on the side of the original capitalization.
  • Authors are referred to by their first initials then surname.

 

Book Citation Format

  • [#] Author,Title, volume, edition. City, State, Country: Publisher, year.
  • [1] L. Katehi et al, Engineering in K-12 Education: Understanding the Status and Improving the Prospects. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2009.
    • as always, exclude any information that is not relevant to your source
    • in this case, volume and edition are not needed

 

If you access a book online, include the URL and the date you accessed it:

  • [#] Author, Title, volume, edition. City, State, Country: Publisher, year. [Online]. Available: URL. Accessed: month day, year.
  • [1] L. Katehi et al, Engineering in K-12 Education: Understanding the Status and Improving the Prospects. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2009. [Online]. Available: https://go.exlibris.link/SpnKY0HC. Accessed: Dec. 18, 2023.

 

Article Citation Format

  • [#] Author, “Title,” Journal, volume, issue number, page range, month year, DOI.
  • [1] H. Petroski, "Engineering: The State of Our Infrastructure," American Scientist, vol. 105, (5), pp. 274-277, 2017.

 

Website Citation Format

  • [#] Author. “Page.” Website. URL (accessed month day, year).
  • [1] M. Luabeya. "Ice flows on Mars." NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/ice-flows-on-mars/ (accessed Dec. 18, 2023).
  • Sometimes a website will not have specific information, such as a listed author, in which case you can omit that from your citation.

 

Dataset Citation Format

  • [#] Author, “Title.” (Month day, year). Distributed by Distributor. URL/DOI (accessed month day, year).
  • [1] S. Udomboonyanupap, S. Boess and P. Vink, "Dataset of "Comfort expectation differs from comfort experience using a handheld device with and without support."," (2023). Distributed by DataCite Commons. DOI: 10.4121/055d9032-b595-4bc7-ad72-74c9f13dce87 (accessed Dec. 18, 2023).

For more specific citation formats check out OWL Purdue's IEEE Formatting Guide.

Feedback

We Appreciate Feedback!

Have you discovered a broken link? Found this guide to citation styles useful? Want to suggest an update?

Contact us through:

We love to hear from you!